As soon as data are created (typically at a sensor), they should be evaluated for their security implications and treated accordingly. Secure Dataĭata in IoT networks must be secured in all stages of their life cycle. All aspects of IoT system architecture, development, deployment, and operations must consider security from the start. Security must also be of paramount importance to the various services and support infrastructures needed for IoT systems, such as communication networks, field-service organizations, management systems, and network operations centers.
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All components of IoT systems, including chips, modules, boxes, software infrastructures, protocol stacks, security policies, and development tools, must be designed with security in mind. A Trusted Platform Module extends the hardware trust to the software platform, resulting in a Trusted Execution Environment, where application software can be run with confidence. Secure boot makes sure the software running on a processor isn’t compromised either. The processor chips should have a hardware root of trust that functions to ensure the basic compute infrastructure can’t be compromised. Good IoT security must start with secure hardware. Recover from any problems in ways that preserve the trustworthy operation of the system.Respond to any detected events, hopefully defusing threats before they affect the system.Detect security events such as hacking attempts and breaches.Protect systems and the data within them from the identified threats.Identify security threats and the risks they create.When the basic threat models are in place, system hardware and software must be designed with a rigorous approach to system security. Systematic analysis, including the preparation of detailed threat models, is best practice for assessing the security capabilities of IoT systems. Threat analysis must take into account the likelihood of certain security threats as well as the consequences of the exploitation of vulnerabilities. Examples of attack vectors include compromising IoT element hardware or software during manufacture spoofing the authentication or configuration of nodes during installation providing bogus software updates eavesdropping on network traffic cracking passwords physical assault on IoT nodes and various compromises to network management systems, policies, and processes. Hackers will attempt to attack IoT systems in many different ways, and the system is only as good as its weakest response. The first step is to understand the threat vectors. Engineers must pay close attention to all possible security threats and countermeasures to keep their systems secure.
IoT systems must be secure against attacks, especially IoT networks in control of life-critical systems. Without basic security, other aspects of critical systems operations, such as privacy, safety, resiliency, and reliability, can’t be guaranteed. Security is a key aspect of the trustworthiness of systems.
It’s only a matter of time before some hacker compromises the security of an IoT system and causes significant physical harm. Now, with the additions of actuators to IoT networks that can affect the physical operation of potentially dangerous systems (locomotives, refineries, medical devices, reactors, etc.) under computer control, hackers will be targeting these systems, and the stakes to get network security right get much higher. This type of data breach is embarrassing and costly to owners of the effected systems, but they didn’t result in physical damage. We are all aware of the well-publicized data breaches of the past, where millions of credit card numbers were compromised, privacy regulations were violated, or media were pirated. Security and other aspects of trustworthiness are of paramount importance to Internet of Things (IoT) networks.
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